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Teleostei (teleosts) > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology:

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range ? - 100 m (Ref. 9772). Tropical

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Indo-West Pacific: Taiwan to southern China, off Sarawak, eastern tip of the Malay Peninsula and southern Java.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 27.8 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 108763); common length : 18.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9772)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 26 - 29; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 7.

Found in coastal waters. Feeds on small invertebrates and fishes (Ref. 2113).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 July 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: highly commercial

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 23.4 - 29.1, mean 28.2 °C (based on 1566 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.00868 - 0.01912), b=3.12 (3.00 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.1 ±0.64 se; based on food items.

Generation time: 2.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Pennahia macrocephalus (Tang, 1937)