分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels)
鱸形目 (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos)
鯖科 (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Grammatorcynus: Greek, gramma = signal, mark + Greek, rhyngchos = snout.
More on author: Rüppell.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 15 - 50 m (Ref. 86942). 亞熱帶的; 31°N - 25°S, 32°E - 175°W (Ref. 168)
Indian Ocean: Red Sea eastward to the Andaman Sea. Western Pacific: Ryukyu Islands to the northern coasts of Australia, including the Marshall Islands and Fiji. Often confused in the literature with Grammatorcynus bicarinatus.
印度洋: 紅海向東至安達曼海。 西太平洋: 琉球群島到澳洲的北海岸, 包括馬紹爾群島與斐濟。 時常在文獻中與 Grammatorcynus bicarinatus 混淆了。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 41.5, range 40 - 43 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9684); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大體重: 3.5 kg (Ref. 168)
背棘 (總數) : 11 - 13; 背的軟條 (總數) : 10 - 14; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 14. Mouth relatively small, upper jaw reaching about to middle of eye. Pectoral fins stout. Interpelvic process short and single. No prominent anterior corselet present. Swim bladder present. Vertebrae 14 precaudal plus 17 caudal, total 31 as in mackerel (Scomber and Rastrelliger).
嘴相當小的, 上頜對眼的中央大約達到。 胸鰭矮胖的。 腹鰭間的突起短與單個。 沒有突出的前面甲胄呈現。 有泳鰾。 脊椎骨 14 尾前椎加上 17 尾部的, 總計 31 當在鯖 ( Scomber 與 Rastrelliger) 中.
Inhabits open water but often seen swimming near outer reef walls or deep clear-water slopes (Ref. 48637). Found mostly in shallow reef waters where it forms large schools. Feeds on crustaceans and fishes, particularly clupeoids (Sardinella, Thrissocles), and other fishes such as Sphyraena and Balistes. Marketed canned and frozen (Ref. 9684). Its flesh is mild and pleasantly flavored, but brushed with lemon juice prior to cooking to remove the ammonia-like smell (Ref. 9684).
大部分發現於了水淺的礁水域在那裡它形成大群魚群。 吃甲殼動物和魚類, 特別地鯡魚 ( 沙丁魚 與 Thrissocles), 也其他的魚例如 Sphyraena 與 Balistes. 在市場上銷售罐裝及冷凍.(參考文獻 9684) 它的肉是味道淡且令人欣賞的, 但是在煮除去像氨一樣的味道之前抹上了檸檬汁.(參考文獻 9684)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
印度洋: 紅海向東至安達曼海。 西太平洋: 琉球群島到澳洲的北海岸, 包括馬紹爾群島與斐濟。 時常在文獻中與 Grammatorcynus bicarinatus 混淆了。
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.6 - 29.1, mean 28.2 °C (based on 632 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00464 - 0.01966), b=3.05 (2.88 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.69 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (89 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 15 [8, 33] mg/100g; Iron = 0.698 [0.368, 1.368] mg/100g; Protein = 22.3 [20.9, 23.7] %; Omega3 = 0.204 [0.117, 0.367] g/100g; Selenium = 18.2 [9.1, 38.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 47.6 [16.1, 154.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.491 [0.327, 0.753] mg/100g (wet weight);
