分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Issue
This species is synonym of Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) according to Knudsen et al. (2013: Ref. 95491). The species page will be removed if proven to be not valid; please send references.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 1 - 15 m (Ref. 95687). 亞熱帶的; 42°N - 34°S, 98°W - 23°E
Western Atlantic: Cape Cod, Massachusetts (USA) to Brazil. Also found in Argentina (Ref. 86336). Eastern Atlantic: Madeira Island (Ref. 74541), São Tiago Island (Cape Verde) and Angola (Ref. 7373); Sao Tome Island (Ref. 30488).
西大西洋: 科德角, 麻薩諸塞州 (美國) 到巴西。 東大西洋: Sao Tiago 島 (維德角) 與安哥拉;(參考文獻 7373) 聖多美島.(參考文獻 30488)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6547); common length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3725); 最大體重: 3.9 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 13 - 15; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 12 - 13. grey with longitudinal brassy stripes on body and 2 brassy horizontal bands on head. Opercular membrane slightly pigmented. Each jaw with a regular row of close-set, strong, incisor-like, round-tipped teeth of a peculiar hockey-stick shape, their bases set horizontally, resembling a radially striated bony plate inside mouth (Ref 52729).
灰色的在身體上有縱向的黃銅色的斑紋而且在頭部上有縱向的 2條黃銅色的水平條紋。 鰓蓋薄膜些微地有顏色。 每個頜具有固定的一列靠攏在一起, 特殊曲棍球桿形狀的強﹐像門牙一樣的﹐和圓頂端齒, 他們的基底水平地豎立, 相似裡面的一個放射狀有條紋多骨的碟嘴 (參考文獻 52729).
Inhabits shallow waters, especially over rocky bottoms in coral reef areas; also among floating Sargassum weeds (Ref. 3725). Feeds on algae including much Sargassum (Ref. 5521). Marketed fresh (Ref. 3725).
棲息於淺水域, 在珊瑚礁區域中尤其在岩石底部之上; 也在漂浮的馬尾藻叢之中.(參考文獻 3725) 吃包括很多的馬尾藻的藻類。 (參考文獻 5521) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了。 (參考文獻 3725)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Oviparous (Ref. 101771).西大西洋: 科德角, 麻薩諸塞州 (美國) 到巴西。 東大西洋: Sao Tiago 島 (維德角) 與安哥拉;(參考文獻 7373) 聖多美島.(參考文獻 30488)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.1 - 28.1, mean 27.2 °C (based on 980 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01585 (0.00753 - 0.03337), b=3.02 (2.83 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming tm>4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 22.2 [7.9, 36.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.517 [0.274, 0.887] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [18.1, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.129 [0.067, 0.243] g/100g; Selenium = 16.3 [6.9, 38.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.4 [7.0, 115.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.995 [0.647, 1.519] mg/100g (wet weight);
