Issue
This species is synonym of Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) according to Knudsen et al. (2013: Ref. 95491). The species page will be removed if proven to be not valid; please send references.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino associati a barriera corallina; distribuzione batimetrica 1 - 15 m (Ref. 95687). Subtropical; 42°N - 34°S, 98°W - 23°E
Western Atlantic: Cape Cod, Massachusetts (USA) to Brazil. Also found in Argentina (Ref. 86336). Eastern Atlantic: Madeira Island (Ref. 74541), São Tiago Island (Cape Verde) and Angola (Ref. 7373); Sao Tome Island (Ref. 30488).
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 6547); common length : 45.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 3725); peso massimo pubblicato: 3.9 kg (Ref. 40637)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 11; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 13 - 15; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 12 - 13. grey with longitudinal brassy stripes on body and 2 brassy horizontal bands on head. Opercular membrane slightly pigmented. Each jaw with a regular row of close-set, strong, incisor-like, round-tipped teeth of a peculiar hockey-stick shape, their bases set horizontally, resembling a radially striated bony plate inside mouth (Ref 52729).
Inhabits shallow waters, especially over rocky bottoms in coral reef areas; also among floating Sargassum weeds (Ref. 3725). Feeds on algae including much Sargassum (Ref. 5521). Marketed fresh (Ref. 3725).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.1 - 28.1, mean 27.2 °C (based on 980 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01585 (0.00753 - 0.03337), b=3.02 (2.83 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (Assuming tm>4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 22.2 [7.9, 36.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.517 [0.274, 0.887] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [18.1, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.129 [0.067, 0.243] g/100g; Selenium = 16.3 [6.9, 38.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.4 [7.0, 115.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.995 [0.647, 1.519] mg/100g (wet weight);