Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; गहराई सीमा 0 - 50 m (Ref. 189). Tropical; 33°N - 3°S, 116°W - 77°W (Ref. 189)
Eastern Central Pacific: southwestern coast of Baja California, Mexico and the Gulf of California to Panama and the Galápagos Islands.
आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 17.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 114986); common length : 9.5 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 9298)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 0; गुदा कांटा: 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 15 - 19. Body rather elongate, but somewhat compressed. Snout moderate, about 3/4 eye diameter; maxilla moderate, tip narrowly pointed, reaching onto sub-operculum, but not to edge of gill cover; gill cover canals of panamensis-type. Anal fin short, its origin below posterior third of dorsal fin base. A narrow silver stripe along flank, deeper above anal fin (about 3/4 to 2/3 eye diameter).
A schooling species occurring in coastal waters. Pelagic. Frequently caught over sand or gravel in the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica, but also over mud.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा
May spawn throughout the year in the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica (Ref. 189). Spawn in school (Ref. 205).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: निर्वाह मात्स्यिकी
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.6 - 28.5, mean 25.8 °C (based on 60 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00358 - 0.00967), b=3.13 (3.00 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).