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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Scaridae (Parrotfishes) > Scarinae
Etymology: Scarus: Greek, skaros = a fish described by anciente writers as a parrot fish; 1601 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 5 - 75 m (Ref. 9710), usually ? - 20 m. Tropical; 34°N - 26°S, 99°W - 32°W
Western Atlantic: Bermuda, southern Florida (USA), and Bahamas to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ref. 13628).
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 77.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 13628); common length : 50.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3802); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 7.0 kg (Ref. 5217); العمر: 31 سنين (Ref. 130677)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 9; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 10; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 11. With blue-green teeth. Adults generally black or blue-black, with centers of scales and unscaled part of head bright blue, and blue band between eyes. Only large black or blue-black parrotfish in the Caribbean (Ref. 26938).
Occurs from rocky coastal reefs to seaward reefs (Ref. 9710). Often in schools, feeding with surgeonfishes by scraping off algae from rocks or dead coral (Ref. 9710). Marketed fresh and salted (Ref. 5217).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Parenti, P. and J.E. Randall, 2000. An annotated checklist of the species of the labroid fish families Labridae and Scaridae. Ichthyol. Bull. J.L.B. Smith Inst. Ichthyol. (68):1-97. (Ref. 35918)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً; حوض مائي: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.3 - 28, mean 27.3 °C (based on 96 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01622 (0.00866 - 0.03037), b=3.05 (2.89 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفظ جدا, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أكثر من 14 سنة (tmax=31).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 23.8 [15.2, 42.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.624 [0.431, 0.945] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.6, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.0867 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 25.9 [16.0, 42.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 37.4 [11.4, 121.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.83 [1.36, 2.36] mg/100g (wet weight);
