分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels)
鱸形目 (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos)
鯖科 (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Scomberomorus: Latin, scomber = mackerel + Greek, moros = silly, stupid (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 5 - 140 m (Ref. 36484), usually 5 - 15 m (Ref. 40849). 熱帶; 44°N - 22°S, 98°W - 34°W (Ref. 54879)
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Massachusetts, USA to São Paulo, Brazil. Eastern Central Atlantic: St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121).
西大西洋: 到對聖保羅巴西的美國麻薩諸塞州的加拿大 (參考文獻 5951)。 中東大西洋: 聖保羅岩礁.(參考文獻 13121)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 64.8, range 45 - 114 cm
Max length : 184 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9710); common length : 70.0 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 168); 最大體重: 45.0 kg (Ref. 168); 最大年齡: 26 年 (Ref. 128047)
背棘 (總數) : 12 - 18; 背的軟條 (總數) : 15 - 18; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 16 - 20; 脊椎骨: 41 - 43. Interpelvic process small and bifid. Swim bladder absent. Lateral line abruptly curving downward below second dorsal fin. Intestine with 2 folds and 3 limbs. Adults have no black area on the anterior part of the first dorsal fin. Juveniles with bronze spots in 5 or 6 irregular rows. Body entirely covered with scales.
腹鰭間的突起小而兩裂的。 泳鰾不存在。 側線突然彎曲的向下在第二背鰭鰭之下。 腸道有 2 摺層與 3 肢翼。 成魚有沒有黑色的區域在第一背鰭上的較前端。 在 5 或 6 不規則的列中稚魚有青銅色的斑點。 身體完全地覆蓋著鱗片了。
Often found in outer reef areas. Larvae are encountered in surface waters of 26.3° to 31°C and 26.9 to 35 ppt. Feeds primarily on fishes with smaller quantities of penaeid shrimps and squids. Large schools have been found to migrate over considerable distances along the Atlantic US coast, water temperature permitting. It is an important species for recreational, commercial, and artisanal fisheries throughout its range. Most of the catch is processed into steaks or sold fresh, or sometimes canned and salted. Also prepared smoked and frozen (Ref. 9987). Potentially ciguatoxic in certain areas (Ref. 9710). Sometimes called "Kingfish" (Ref. 13442).
時常發現於外圍礁石區域。 對 31 °C 與 26.9 到 35個 ppt 在 26.3個 ° 的水表面中仔魚被見到。 主要吃魚具有對蝦與烏賊的較小的量。 大群魚群曾經發現上移動相當多的距離沿著大西洋的美國海岸，水溫允許。 它是一個重要的種為娛樂的﹐商業的, 與在它的分佈範圍各處的漁民。 大部分的捕捉被加工成牛排或者賣了生鮮地, 或有時裝於罐頭與鹽醃的。 也煙燻保存與冷凍的.(參考文獻 9987) 可能地在特定的區域中的有西加毒的.(參考文獻 9710) 有時被稱為 " Kingfish" 。 (參考文獻 13442)
西大西洋: 到對聖保羅巴西的美國麻薩諸塞州的加拿大 (參考文獻 5951)。 中東大西洋: 聖保羅岩礁.(參考文獻 13121)
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.5 - 28.1, mean 27.2 °C (based on 1034 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00713 - 0.01166), b=3.02 (2.98 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.1 (4.5 - 7.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 31
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.07-0.15; tm=2; tmax=14; Fec=70,000).
Prior r = 0.47, 95% CL = 0.31 - 0.71, Based on 3 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (55 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 20.3 [9.2, 71.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.707 [0.314, 1.640] mg/100g; Protein = 20.6 [19.4, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.238 [0.149, 0.393] g/100g; Selenium = 74.7 [27.2, 232.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.7 [4.4, 77.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.568 [0.380, 0.903] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
