Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecología
marino demersal; rango de profundidad 45 - 400 m. Tropical; 32°N - 9°N, 98°W - 60°W
Western Atlantic: Bermuda and southeastern Florida, USA to Colombia.
Tamaño / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 26340); common length : 30.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 5217)
Inhabits hard bottom.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproducción | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Venomous
Human uses
Pesquerías: escaso valor comercial
Herramientas
Special reports
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Fuentes de Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.7 - 25.4, mean 21.2 °C (based on 59 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00606 - 0.02615), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
Resiliencia (Ref.
120179): Bajo, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 4.5-14 años (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).