Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 45 - 400 m. Tropical; 32°N - 9°N, 98°W - 60°W
Western Atlantic: Bermuda and southeastern Florida, USA to Colombia.
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 26340); common length : 30.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5217)
Inhabits hard bottom.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Venomous
Human uses
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.7 - 25.4, mean 21.2 °C (based on 59 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00606 - 0.02615), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).