分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes)
鯰形目 (Catfishes) >
Callichthyidae (Callichthyid armored catfishes)
美鯰科 (Callichthyid armored catfishes) > Callichthyinae
Etymology: Megalechis: Greek, megas, megalos = great + greek, echis, -eos = viper (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Müller & Troschel.
Issue
See Reis (1997) for phylogeny and Reis (1998) for detailed description.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 19. 熱帶; 18°C - 28°C (Ref. 1672)
South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins, as well as coastal rivers of the Guianas and northern Brazil.
南美洲: 亞馬遜河與奧里諾科河河流域, 以及圭亞那與巴西北部的沿海河川。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 17.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 121647); 最大體重: 350.00 g (Ref. 27188)
Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Ubiquitous (Ref. 35381). Occurs in ponds (Ref. 11229), swamps and flooded savanna. May also occur in inland creeks with strong current. When the swamps are drained during the dry season, they burrow in the mud at a depth of 15-25 cm and remain there until the first rains. They hide only at the bottom of the marshes which remain always a little muddy even during the dry season. Today, they are presently captured with the net. Previously, fishermen drained the marshes in order to unearth the fish which had hidden there (Ref. 27188). Omnivore (Ref. 26543). Intestinal breathing, complementary to branchial breathing, enables them to adapt to extreme hypoxic conditions which occur in their biotopes. For these reasons, the relevant intestinal zone has a more reduced mucus epithelium as well as an increased blood system. In the dry season when swamps get dry, they sink deeper into the muddy substrate down to a depth of 20 cm. This way, they live at a slower pace, often in groups, until the next rainy season. At the end of October, the fishermen dig them up because they are appreciated for their flesh. At other times, they are fished with nets (Ref. 35381).
到處存在的.(參考文獻 35381) 出現於池塘 (參考文獻 11229) ，沼澤與被水淹沒的大草原。 可能也出現在內陸的小溪有強的水流。 當沼澤在乾季的時候被排水溝的時候，他們在泥中掘穴深度 15-25 公分而且逗留在那裡，直到第一個下雨。 他們只在濕地的底部藏那裡總是保持稍微泥濘甚至在乾季期間。 今天，他們目前被用網捕獲。 先前，放乾濕地的漁夫為了發掘已經藏著在那裡的魚.(參考文獻 27188) 雜食動物.(參考文獻 26543) 腸內呼吸 , 鰓的呼吸互補,使他們能夠適應出現在他們的生存環境的極端的缺氧環境。 因為這些理由, 有關的腸區域有一個更多的被縮小的黏液上皮以及一個增加的血液系統。 乾季時，當沼澤乾的時候，他們沈入泥濘的底部向下至深度 20 公分。 這樣，他們生活在一個較慢的速度, 常形成魚群, 直到下一個雨季。 因為他們為他們的肉被欣賞，所以在十月底，漁夫挖出它們。 在其他時候，他們被用網捕獲。 (參考文獻 35381)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Male builds nests in shallow swamps or swamp forests during the rainy season.南美洲: 亞馬遜河與奧里諾科河河流域, 以及圭亞那與巴西北部的沿海河川。
Reis, R.E., P.-Y. Le Bail and J.H.A. Mol, 2005. New arrangement in the synonymy of Megalechis Reis, 1997 (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae). Copeia 2005(3):678-682. (Ref. 57766)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01698 (0.00695 - 0.04150), b=2.99 (2.78 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (11 of 100).
