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इलाज़मौबरांकी (शारक और रेज़) (sharks and rays) > Rhinopristiformes (Shovelnose rays) > Rhinobatidae (Guitarfishes)
Etymology: glaucostigma: Specific name referring to a colored mark..
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.

Issue
Date Eschmeyer, pers.comm.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

समुद्री ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 1 - 112 m (Ref. 96339). Tropical; 28°N - 4°S, 112°W - 82°W (Ref. 114953)

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Eastern Central Pacific: Gulf of California to Ecuador.

आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 89.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 114953)

Benthic in shallow waters over soft bottom (Ref. 9262). Adults feed on prawns and crabs, juveniles mainly amphipod crustaceans (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक : McEachran, John | सहयोगीयो

Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

वेदनीय, आई यु सी ऐन लाल सूची देखें। (VU) (A2d); Date assessed: 08 February 2019

CITES

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

अधिक जानकारी

Trophic ecology
खाद्य पदार्थ
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Population dynamics
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Length-weight rel.
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Life cycle
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Human related
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Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 19.7 - 28.9, mean 26 °C (based on 84 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00263 (0.00156 - 0.00444), b=3.08 (2.93 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

लौटाव (Ref. 120179): निम्न, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 4.5 - 14 वर्ष। (Fec assumed to be <100).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 42 [11, 188] mg/100g; Iron = 0.765 [0.198, 2.189] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.5, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.149 [0.065, 0.342] g/100g; Selenium = 54.8 [13.8, 152.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.8 [4.9, 31.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.886 [0.436, 1.580] mg/100g (wet weight);

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