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Rhinoptera steindachneri Evermann & Jenkins, 1891

Pacific cownose ray
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Rhinoptera steindachneri   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Rhinoptera steindachneri (Pacific cownose ray)
Rhinoptera steindachneri
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Classification / Names Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (hajar och rockor) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Rhinopteridae (Cownose rays)
Etymology: Rhinoptera: Greek, rhinos = nose + Greek,pteron = fin, wing (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Franz Steindachner (1834–1919) was an Austrian zoologist who specialised in herpetology and ichthyology. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Evermann & Jenkins.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina revassocierade; havsvandrande (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 0 - 65 m (Ref. 117244), usually 0 - 25 m. Tropical; 32°N - 5°S, 117°W - 76°W

Utbredning Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Point map | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Costa Rica and the Galapagos Islands. Probably occurring elsewhere.

Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: Lm 71.0, range 65 - ? cm
Max length : 91.6 cm WD hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 116975)

Biologi     Ordlista (t.ex. epibenthic)

Adults are found over soft bottoms, near rocky or coral reefs; also near reef drop-offs (Ref. 12951). They occasionally swim near the surface and may jump out of the water. Often in schools, sometimes associated with Aetobatus narinari, the spotted eagle ray (Ref. 12951). Adults feed on benthic crustaceans and mollusks. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).

Life cycle and mating behavior Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara, 1995. Rhinopteridae. Gavilanes. p. 782-783. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9263)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

  Near Threatened (NT) (A2d); Date assessed: 08 February 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fiskeri: saknar intresse; Akvarium: Offentliga akvarier
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Ytterligare information

Trophic ecology
Födoslag
Födosammansättning
Födointag
Food rations
Predatorer
Ecology
Ekologi
Population dynamics
Tillväxtparametrar
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Rekrytering
Abundans
Life cycle
Reproduktion
Könsmognad
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Lek
Spawning aggregations
Ägg
Egg development
Larver
Larvdynamik
Anatomy
Gälyta
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Syreförbrukning
Swimming type
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Visual pigments
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Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
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synonymer
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References
referenser

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Internet-källor

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Släkte, Arter | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, sök | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 19.7 - 29.1, mean 24.2 °C (based on 266 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5039   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00463 - 0.02844), b=2.98 (2.76 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278):  3.6   ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref. 120179):  Mycket låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mer än 14 år (k = 0.25; tmax = 10.75; tm = 3.92; Fec = 1).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 7.27 [0.83, 109.36] mg/100g; Iron = 0.396 [0.033, 4.161] mg/100g; Protein = 20.6 [15.3, 25.9] %; Omega3 = 0.0736 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 29 [6, 147] μg/100g; VitaminA = 30.9 [2.6, 334.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.769 [0.049, 8.696] mg/100g (wet weight);