Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | Catalog of Fishes(Γένος, Είδη) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Zeiformes (Dories) > Zeidae (Dories)
Etymology: More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Οικολογία

Θαλασσινό(ά); Υφάλμυρο βενθοπελαγικό; ωκεανόδρομο(ς) (Ref. 35388); εύρος βάθους 5 - 400 m (Ref. 9563), usually 50 - 150 m (Ref. 4968). Temperate; 75°N - 49°S, 17°W - 177°E (Ref. 54935)

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Worldwide in distribution. Eastern Atlantic: Norway to South Africa, also the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Western Pacific: Japan, Korea, Australia and New Zealand. Also known from the Indian Ocean.

Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age

Maturity: L_m 35.1, range 29 - 35 cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 6953); common length : 40.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 6953); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 8.0 kg (Ref. 35388); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 12 έτη (Ref. 5377)

Short description Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία

Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 9 - 11; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 22 - 24; Εδρικές άκανθες: 4; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 20 - 23. Gill rakers rudimentary. Minute scales present. Highly compressed body (Ref. 4253). Large dark spot, surrounded by a light ring on each side of the body (Ref. 35388).

Found in areas close to the sea bed (Ref. 6390). Generally solitary. Feeds mainly on schooling bony fishes, occasionally on cephalopods and crustaceans (Ref. 27121). Reproduction takes place at the end of winter and at the start of spring in the northeastern Atlantic, earlier in the Mediterranean. Eggs are pelagic, maturity reached at 4 years (Ref. 36731). Sold fresh (Ref. 9563) and frozen (Ref. 9988). Can be steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). The flesh is excellent but is utilized little in West Africa (Ref. 5377).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες

No studies of their reproductive development or early life history have been undertaken in Australia (Ref. 6390). Pelagic eggs (Ref. 35388).

Main reference Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής : Heemstra, Phillip C. | Συνεργάτες

Karrer, C. and A. Post, 1990. Zeidae. p. 631-633. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6953)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 20 May 2013

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά); αλιεία αναψυχής: ναί; Ενυδρείο: Δημόσια ενυδρεία

FAO - αλιεία: landings, species profile; Publication: search | FishSource | Η θάλασσα γύρω μας

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Summary page | Σημειακά στοιχεία | Κοινά ονόματα | Photos

Διαδικτυακές πηγές

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 6.7 - 23.7, mean 13.6 °C (based on 1223 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.7656 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01660 (0.01364 - 0.02020), b=2.91 (2.85 - 2.97), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref. 69278): 4.5 ±0.8 se; based on diet studies.

Ελαστικότητα (Ref. 120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (K=0.15; tm=3-4; tmax=12).

Prior r = 0.74, 95% CL = 0.49 - 1.10, Based on 1 full stock assessment.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 14.1 [8.1, 27.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.246 [0.139, 0.432] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [16.0, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.65 [0.34, 1.23] g/100g; Selenium = 21 [10, 42] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.8 [4.4, 66.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.368 [0.254, 0.546] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758