Issue
Some information are attached to E. jacksoniensis Macleay, 1878, a synonym of Etrumeus (Ref. 93002).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; محيطية (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 0 - 125 m (Ref. 96339). Subtropical
Restricted to the northwestern Atlantic: from the Bay of Fundy to the Gulf of Mexico.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 17.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 33.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 56557); common length : 25.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 56557)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 0; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 15 - 18; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 10 - 13. Some variation in body depth and certain meristic characters; without pre- and post-pelvic scutes; W-shaped pelvic scute; pelvic fins less advanced. Distinguished from E. whiteheadi of southern African waters by having fewer anal fin rays and the pelvic fin base about 1/3 eye diameter. Isthmus with lateral flanges or shoulders (Ref. 188). Silvery with an olive green back. Scales deciduous (Ref. 7251). Also Ref. 3259.
Mainly inshore but has been occasionally taken 120 km from the Ecuador coast (Ref. 9291); also occur on shelf edge or surface (Ref. 11230), and between 50-150m (Ref. 028016). Usually occur in large schools (Ref. 2850). Epipelagic (Ref. 58302). Feed mainly on euphausiids and copepods (Ref. 9291). Oviparous, with planktonic eggs and larvae (Ref. 35601). Marketed fresh, salted and canned. Also processed into fishmeal (Ref. 9291).
DiBattista, J.D., J.E. Randall and B.W. Bowen, 2012. Review of the round herrings of the genus Etrumeus (Clupeidae: Dussumieriinae) of Africa, with descriptions of two new species. Cybium 36(3):447-460. (Ref. 91762)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: ذو قيمة تاجرية عالية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.3 - 26.7, mean 20.3 °C (based on 800 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5098 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00329 - 0.01054), b=3.09 (2.92 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.13-0.8; tm=1.7; tmax=5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (16 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (6 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 197 [87, 399] mg/100g; Iron = 2.18 [1.02, 4.56] mg/100g; Protein = 20.9 [19.7, 22.2] %; Omega3 = 0.341 [0.132, 0.740] g/100g; Selenium = 42.7 [19.3, 103.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.52 [1.49, 24.08] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.979 [0.621, 1.540] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
