分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Escualosa: Latin, squaleus, squalidus = with rough skin + Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水; 非产卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 188). 热带; 27°N - 22°S, 64°E - 151°E (Ref. 188)
Indo-West Pacific: northern Indian Ocean (Karachi eastward to Rangoon) to Thailand, Indonesia (Java Sea), the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and Australia.
印度-西太平洋: 印度洋北部 (喀拉蚩向东至仰光) 到泰国，印度尼西亚 (爪哇海) ，菲律宾，巴布亚新几内亚与澳洲。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 7 - ? cm
Max length : 10.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 188); common length : 8.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 188); 最大年龄: 1.00 年 (Ref. 43081)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 13 - 21; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 14 - 19. Belly strongly keeled. The almost rectangular second supra-maxilla and the bright silver stripe along the flank distinguish it from juveniles of Sardinella, Amblygaster and Herklotsichthys. Resembles some pellonulines with a silver stripe, but they lack a first supra-maxilla. Distinguished from E. elongata of the Gulf of Thailand but its deeper body and broader silver stripe.
腹面有明显的龙骨。 几乎矩形的第二个上颚骨与亮银色斑纹沿着侧面区别它和 沙丁鱼， Amblygaster 与 Herklotsichthys 的稚鱼. 与一些 pellonulines 具有一个银色的斑纹，但是他们缺乏一个第一个上颚骨相似。 与泰国湾的 E. elongata 区分了但是它的比较深身体与比较宽的银色斑纹。
Forms schools in shallow waters, the juveniles apparently entering the lower parts of rivers, but returning later to the sea. Feeds on both zooplankton (copepods, crab zoea, larvae of bivalves and fish eggs) and phytoplankton. Breeds from October to February (mainly November to January) off western coast of India, usually in relatively shallow inshore waters. Marketed fresh and dried-salted.
形成鱼群在浅水区中, 稚鱼显然地进入河的下面部份, 但是回车较迟的到海洋。 吃浮游动物 (桡脚类的动物，螃蟹海蟹幼虫，二枚贝幼生与鱼卵) 和浮游植物。 来自十月到二月 (主要地十一月到一月) 的繁殖印度的外海西岸, 通常在相当浅的近岸水域。 在市场上销售生鲜或乾渍了。
印度-西太平洋: 印度洋北部 (喀拉蚩向东至仰光) 到泰国，印度尼西亚 (爪哇海) ，菲律宾，巴布亚新几内亚与澳洲。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.7 - 29.1, mean 28.4 °C (based on 1160 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00514 - 0.01173), b=3.05 (2.93 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 0.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=1.82; Fec=7,720; tmax=1).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 479 [229, 1,053] mg/100g; Iron = 3.32 [1.94, 5.79] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.7, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.471 [0.232, 0.956] g/100g; Selenium = 49 [22, 104] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.9 [9.6, 55.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.6 [1.7, 4.0] mg/100g (wet weight);
