Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển Tầng đáy biển sâu; Mức độ sâu 39 - 1200 m (Ref. 117245), usually 71 - ? m (Ref. 117245). Deep-water; 0°C - 5°C (Ref. 35388); 74°N - 61°N, 72°W - 45°W (Ref. 117245)
Arctic to Northwest Atlantic: Canada to Greenland.
Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 52.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 4695); common length : 27.5 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 4695)
Dorsal fin without depression, front end with 0-3 black - brown spots. Lateral line runs near the anal fin (Ref. 35388).
Lives at temperature of 0-5°C. Off Greenland it measures 50 cm and off Scandinavia rarely over 25-30 cm (Ref. 35388). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds mostly on endobenthic prey, with shrimps and euphausiids becoming the more prominent prey as the size increases (Ref. 13532). Prefers warmer waters (Ref. 13534). Large eggs of 6 mm diameter are deposited on the sea floor.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Sự tái sinh sản | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Ấu trùng
Anderson, M.E., 1994. Systematics and osteology of the Zoarcidae (Teleostei: Perciformes). Ichthyol. Bull. J.L.B. Smith Inst. Ichthyol. 60:120 p. (Ref. 11954)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 1.4 - 5.6, mean 3.2 °C (based on 263 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00219 (0.00137 - 0.00348), b=3.18 (3.04 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.42 se; based on food items.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Rất thấp, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là hơn 14 năm (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).