Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien; brak water; diepte 31 - 70 m (Ref. 58489). Subtropical; 20°S - 47°S, 109°E - 177°W (Ref. 189)
Southwest Pacific: Australia (from Queensland at about Cape Capricorn south to southern Tasmania; entire southern coast of Australia, except for Great Australian Bight, and north to Shark Bay, Western Australia), including Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island; and New Zealand (most of the North Island and all but the southeast coast of the South Island).
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 6.5, range 6 - 7 cm
Max length : 15.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 33832); common length : 12.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9822); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 6 Jaren (Ref. 6390)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 13 - 18; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 17 - 19; Wervels: 40 - 48. Hardly differs from the European anchovy (E. encrasicolus) and can be identified from that description. For most of its range it is the only anchovy present, but in the extreme north it may overlap with species of Encrasicholina or Stolephorus, which have small needle-like scutes before the pelvic fins; species of Thryssa have compressed bodies and a keel of scutes along the belly.
Found mostly inshore: chiefly in bays, inlets and estuaries, sometimes in low salinities. Older individuals tend to move out to sea in winter and back in the spring. Forms compact schools much preyed upon by larger fishes, common dolphins and birds. Feeds on plankton. Spawns in inlets, bays and also estuaries, probably throughout the year but mainly in late spring to early autumn and especially about November to February. The eggs are ellipsoidal. Utilized as fish paste.
Spawns in inlets, bays and estuaries.
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang; aas: usually
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.3 - 24, mean 17.1 °C (based on 72 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00213 - 0.00980), b=3.12 (2.95 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (K=0.39; tm=1; tmax=6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 213 [100, 489] mg/100g; Iron = 1.3 [0.6, 3.0] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.5, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.838 [0.500, 1.399] g/100g; Selenium = 12.4 [5.6, 24.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.9 [5.6, 69.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.47 [0.94, 2.25] mg/100g (wet weight);
