分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers)
裸頰鯛科 (Emperors or scavengers) > Lethrininae
Etymology: Lethrinus: Greek, lethrinia, a fish pertaining to genus Pagellus.
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 1 - 150 m (Ref. 4369). 熱帶; 30°N - 35°S, 24°E - 173°W
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the Ryukyu Islands and New Caledonia. Recently reported from Tonga (Ref. 53797). Also reported from French Polynesian islands (Ref. 4795) but this is a misidentification of Lethrinus rubrioperculatus (Ref. 2295).
印度-西太平洋: 紅海而且東非到琉球群島與新加勒多尼亞。 最近記錄自東加。 (參考文獻 53797) 也記錄自法屬玻里尼西亞島 (參考文獻 4795) ，但是這是一個 紅鰓龍占〔Lethrinus rubrioperculatus〕 的錯誤鑑定。 (參考文獻 2295)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2295); 最大年齡: 15 年 (Ref. 2290)
背棘 (總數) : 10; 背的軟條 (總數) : 9; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Body is brown and gray (usually green, Ref. 48635), becoming lighter ventrally, with scattered irregular dark spots. Often there are two dark bands below the eye, one at the lower rim or the opercle and one at the corner of the mouth. The fins are generally light or translucent; the caudal fin is light and dark striped.
身體是褐色而灰色的 (通常綠色的, 參考文獻 48635), 變成腹部顏色較淡, 有分散的不規則的深色斑點。 時常有二個深色條紋眼睛下面, 一在嘴巴的角落的下面邊緣或鰓蓋與他。 鰭通常淡或半透明; 尾鰭顏色較淡而深色的有斑紋的。
Inhabits sandy and weedy areas near coral reefs, solitarily or in groups (Ref. 30573, 90102), where it is well camouflaged and usually swims in the cover of the substrate (Ref. 48635). Juveniles sometimes abundant in shallow, weedy areas (Ref. 4369). Solitary or in small groups (Ref. 90102). Feeds on small benthic invertebrates (Ref. 30573). A protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). Flesh of large individuals is esteemed (Ref. 4369).
棲息於在珊瑚礁 (參考文獻 30573) 附近的沙而雜草叢生的區域, 在那裡它是善於偽裝而且通常在底部的表面中游泳.(參考文獻 48635) 稚魚有時豐富的在水淺又雜草叢生的區域中.(參考文獻 4369) 吃小型底棲的無脊椎動物。 (參考文獻 30573) 一個雌性先熟的雌雄同體.(參考文獻 55367) 大個體的肉被讚賞。 (參考文獻 4369)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
A monandric species (Ref. 55367). Length at sex change = 29.1 cm TL (Ref. 55367). Also Ref. 103751.印度-西太平洋: 紅海而且東非到琉球群島與新加勒多尼亞。 最近記錄自東加。 (參考文獻 53797) 也記錄自法屬玻里尼西亞島 (參考文獻 4795) ，但是這是一個 紅鰓龍占〔Lethrinus rubrioperculatus〕 的錯誤鑑定。 (參考文獻 2295)
Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.2 - 29, mean 27.9 °C (based on 1950 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.00706 - 0.03245), b=2.98 (2.81 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.49; tmax=15).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 68.3 [47.0, 105.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.968 [0.647, 1.427] mg/100g; Protein = 20 [17, 22] %; Omega3 = 0.168 [0.114, 0.243] g/100g; Selenium = 40.8 [25.8, 68.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 49.5 [10.5, 270.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.54 [1.99, 3.27] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
