Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien; brak water demersaal. Tropical; 33°N - 20°S
Eastern Pacific: Bahía Magdalena, Baja California Sur, Mexico and southern Gulf of California to Ecuador.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 55763); common length : 40.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 55763)
Body short, deep, and compressed; mouth small; teeth small, villiform, and only slightly hooked, didsappearing with age; lower branch of first gill arch with 9 to 12 gill rakers; dorsal fin with 6 spines followed by another spine and 17 to 19 soft rays (VII+I,17-19); nape prominent in adults; upper third of head and body dark; belly silvery; a dark axillary stain I covered by the pectoral fin (Ref. 55763).
Adults occur in coastal waters (Ref. 9283). They are common in shallow water and feed mainly on mollusks, but also take crustaceans and small fishes (Ref. 9283). Juveniles are frequently encountered in estuaries and feed on a variety of benthic invertebrates (Ref. 9283). Marketed fresh and salted or dried (Ref. 9283).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1995. Carangidae. Jureles, pámpanos, cojinúas, zapateros, cocineros, casabes, macarelas, chicharros, jorobados, medregales, pez pilota. p. 940-986. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9283)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang; sportvis: ja
Meer informatie
Lokale namenSynoniemenMetabolismePredatorenEcotoxicologieVoortplantingMaturiteitPaaienPaaiaggregatiesFecunditeitEierenOntwikkeling van de eieren
ReferentiesAquacultuurAquacultuurprofielKweeklijnenGeneticaElectrophoresesErfelijkheidZiektesVerwerkingNutrientsMassaconversie
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.8 - 28.5, mean 25.9 °C (based on 60 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.00796 - 0.02506), b=2.95 (2.79 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.55 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
