Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق 3 - 25 m (Ref. 5288), usually ? - 10 m (Ref. 86997). Subtropical
Eastern Atlantic: Azores, St. Helena and Ascension islands, Ghana, and Angola. Reported from Sao Tome Island (Ref. 34088).
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 11227)
Found over rocks, rubble and sand (Ref. 5288), mainly around islands (Ref. 11227).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Duron, M. and J.C. Quéro, 1990. Ostraciontidae. p. 1067-1068. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 11227)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.5 - 28, mean 26.2 °C (based on 235 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03548 (0.01700 - 0.07404), b=2.81 (2.62 - 3.00), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 2.4 ±0.1 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
المرونه (Ref.
120179): عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (Fec assumed to be > 10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).