Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
; المياه العذبة القاع; pH range: 6.5 - 7.5; dH range: ? - 15; سمكة نهرية (Ref. 51243). Tropical; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 12468)
Africa: from Senegal to the Chad basin (Ref. 2936, 86396), but absent in coastal basins between southern Gambia and Sassandra (Ref. 2936, 86396). Also in the Nile (Ref. 7094, 28714) and the Cross River (Ref. 81638, 86396).
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ?, range 30 - ? cm
Max length : 76.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 7094); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 6.3 kg (Ref. 7094)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 0; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 21 - 27; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 13 - 17. Diagnosis: mouth subterminal; body depth 2.7-3.6x and head length 3.3-5.5x SL; caudal peduncle 0.7-1.1x longer than wide; 12-15 scales between lateral line and scaly process at bases of pelvic fins; eye diameter 3.3 (juveniles)-7x head length; juveniles with vertical bars on sides (Ref. 2936, 86396). Round humeral spot present (less obvious in larger individuals); body never with small, dark, eye-sized spots (Ref. 81638). 83-94 lateral line scales (Ref. 2936, 81638, 86396). 21-26 (Ref. 86396) or 21-27 (Ref. 81638) total dorsal fin rays. 13-16 (Ref. 86396) or 13-17 (Ref. 81638) total anal fin rays.
Marco-herbivores, feed on submerged plants, Eichornia roots and periphyton (Ref. 28714). Maximum length 62.5 cm SL (Ref. 2936, 81638, 86396).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Vari, R.P., 2007. Distichodontidae. p. 412-465. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G. Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa. Volume I. Collection Faune et Flore tropicales 42. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, and Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium. 800 pp. (Ref. 81638)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.00906 - 0.01831), b=3.01 (2.93 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 2.6 ±0.25 se; based on food items.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
