分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 170 m (Ref. 6871), usually 0 - 40 m (Ref. 6871). 亞熱帶的; 37°S - 45°S, 140°E - 150°E (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Indian Ocean to southwest Pacific: endemic to Australia.
東印度洋: 澳洲的特有種。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 114953)
Occur on soft bottoms of the continental shelf (Ref. 7300, 75154). Feed on benthic fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 6871). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 4.4-6.3 cm long and 3.2-3.8 wide (Ref. 41308). Males reaches maturity at ca. 39 cm TL, females at ca. 42 cm TL; young hatch at ca. 10 cm TL (Ref. 114953).
生存在大陆架的软质底部上面。 (参考文献 7300) 捕食底栖的鱼与甲壳动物。 (参考文献 6871) 卵生的。 明显的成对出现。 幼鱼可能倾向跟随大的个体, 例如他们的母亲.(参考文献 205) 卵为长方形鞘囊具有僵硬的触角沈积在沙滩或泥滩的角落.(参考文献 205) 卵鞘是 4.4-6.3 公分长与 3.2-3.8 宽的.(参考文献 41308)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).東印度洋: 澳洲的特有種。
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.3 - 16.5, mean 15.2 °C (based on 70 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00302 (0.00141 - 0.00645), b=3.24 (3.07 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 8.5 [1.2, 148.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.276 [0.026, 3.171] mg/100g; Protein = 16.1 [14.1, 18.1] %; Omega3 = 0.774 [0.325, 1.948] g/100g; Selenium = 10.2 [2.1, 54.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.53 [0.57, 88.77] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.376 [0.026, 4.101] mg/100g (wet weight);
