Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas demersal; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 1 - 477 m (Ref. 5951), usually 75 - 150 m (Ref. 5951). Subtropical; 46°N - 16°S, 97°W - 5°W
Western Atlantic: Cape Cod in Massachusetts to northeastern Florida in USA and northern Gulf of Mexico. Reported in eastern Atlantic: St. Helena (Ref. 5288). Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951).
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 230 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 7251); common length : 100.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3715); peso máx. Publicado: 40.0 kg (Ref. 7251)
Occurs from shallow inshore waters to depths of 477 m and up to 260 m in the Gulf of Maine (Ref. 7135). Benthic (Ref. 5951). Nocturnal predators (Ref. 93252). Feeds mainly on fishes, but also on shrimps and small shellfish. Commonly caught by anglers along piers, docks and jetties in middle Atlantic states.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: pouco comercial
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.1 - 25.2, mean 19.7 °C (based on 61 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00049 (0.00027 - 0.00088), b=3.25 (3.09 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.8 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (Assuming tm>4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.1 [15.1, 52.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.781 [0.431, 1.338] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [15.9, 21.7] %; Omega3 = 0.284 [0.126, 0.807] g/100g; Selenium = 62.7 [30.7, 130.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.12 [2.53, 34.69] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.384 [0.274, 0.565] mg/100g (wet weight);