分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 居于水底的. 溫帶; 49°N - 39°N
North America: Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River, Hudson Bay (in Red River) and Mississippi River basins from Quebec in Canada and Vermont in USA to southern Ontario in Canada and northern Minnesota in USA, and south to Ohio River in Kentucky, USA.
北美洲: 五大湖- 聖勞倫斯的河, 哈得遜灣 (在紅河) 與密西西比河流域從加拿大魁北克與佛蒙特州在美國到南方的加拿大安大略省與北方的明尼蘇達州, 而且在肯塔基州，美國南至俄亥俄河。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 52.5 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大体重: 4.2 kg (Ref. 4699)
Pigmentation: For both males and females, sides are yellow-gold, dorsal surfaces are olive in color, and caudal fins are bright red on the outside and becoming orange at the center.
颜色： 对于雄性和雌性，侧边是黄色的-黄金, 背面是橄榄色颜色，而且尾鳍在外面上是鲜红色而且在中心变成橘色。
Occurs in sandy to rocky pools and runs of medium to large rivers, and also in lakes. Spawning occurs along edges and midstream areas of riffles, on pebble, cobble, and gravel substrates (Ref. 49090).
出现于中型到大型河川的砂质或岩质水潭与急流, 以及在湖中。 在小圆石，圆石与砾石底部上,产卵沿着急流的边缘与中央。 (参考文献 49090)
Spawn in groups with between two and seven males and one or two females. Males pose on other side of a female prior to spawning. Brisk vibrations of the dorsal and caudal fins occur during spawning. Gametes are released while males and females rolled over one another. Mean duration of spawning event is 4.4 seconds +/- 0.5 s. Mean duration between spawning events is 22.2 +/- 5.3 mins (Ref. 49090).北美洲: 五大湖- 聖勞倫斯的河, 哈得遜灣 (在紅河) 與密西西比河流域從加拿大魁北克與佛蒙特州在美國到南方的加拿大安大略省與北方的明尼蘇達州, 而且在肯塔基州，美國南至俄亥俄河。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
人类利用
游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00501 (0.00202 - 0.01242), b=3.09 (2.87 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.43 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (tm=5-13).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
