Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas demersal; intervalo de profundidade 20 - 400 m (Ref. 35388). Subtropical; 60°N - 15°N, 18°W - 36°E
Northeast Atlantic: British Isles south to Senegal (baie du Lévrier) and the Mediterranean.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ?, range 14 - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 35388); common length : 14.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3397); idade máx. registrada: 14 anos (Ref. 32766)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Raios dorsais (total) : 0. Upper eye less than its own diameter from dorsal profile of head. Anterior nostril on blind side not enlarged, its distance from front margin of head about twice in its distance from cleft of mouth. Anterior nostril on eyed side with backward-pointing tube reaching to front border of lower eye. Pectoral fin on eyed-side small, on blind side reduced.
Inhabits mud or sand bottoms. Feeds on a wide range of small bottom-living organisms, mainly crustaceans (amphipods, shrimps), also polychaete worms and bivalve mollusks (Ref. 4710). Utilized as a food fish.
Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1991. World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: espécies comerciais
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7 - 16, mean 10.3 °C (based on 434 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00655 - 0.01008), b=3.05 (3.01 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.37; tm=3; tmax=14).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (9 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 109 [39, 241] mg/100g; Iron = 1.02 [0.44, 2.16] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.5, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.199 [0.104, 0.365] g/100g; Selenium = 37.1 [18.3, 80.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.2 [2.1, 30.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.664 [0.428, 0.992] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.