Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; pelagic-neritic; depth range 3 - 15 m (Ref. 27549). Subtropical; 41°N - 24°N, 96°W - 71°W
Western Atlantic: New York and northern Gulf of Mexico to Florida in USA and northern Mexico.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251)
Occurs along shore and in bays and inlets.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.8 - 26.1, mean 23.5 °C (based on 147 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00513 (0.00229 - 0.01150), b=3.08 (2.89 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 247 [142, 526] mg/100g; Iron = 2.24 [1.27, 3.83] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [17, 22] %; Omega3 = 0.336 [0.146, 0.888] g/100g; Selenium = 15.1 [6.8, 35.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 27.3 [8.5, 88.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.29 [0.86, 1.93] mg/100g (wet weight);
