分類 / Names
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Gadiformes (Cods) >
Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes)
Etymology: Merluccius: Latin, mar, maris = the sea + Latin, lucius = pike (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ayres.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態学
海; 汽水性の; 深さの範囲 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 9316), usually ? - 229 m (Ref. 2850). Temperate; 51°N - 15°N, 130°W - 77°W (Ref. 58452)
Eastern Pacific: northern Vancouver Island, Canada to northern part of the Gulf of California. A record from the Gulf of Alaska is doubtful.
Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm 37.0, range 34 - 40 cm
Max length : 83.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 127973); 105.0 cm TL (female); common length : 60.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 1371); 最大公表体重: 4.2 kg (Ref. 127973); 最大公表体重: 4.2 kg; 最大記録サイズ: 16 年 (Ref. 56527)
背面の脊椎 (合計) : 1; 背鰭 (合計) : 48 - 56; 肛門の骨: 0; 臀鰭: 40 - 43. Head rather short. Pectoral fin tips usually reaching to or beyond the origin of anal fin. Caudal fin always concave. Color silvery on back grading to whitish ventrally.
Inhabit oceanic and coastal areas, but mainly on the continental shelf (Ref. 1371). Although often classified as demersal, the distribution and behavior suggest a largely pelagic existence (Ref. 1371). Adults live in large schools in waters overlying the continental shelf and slope except during the spawning season when they are found several hundred miles seaward (Ref. 1371). A nocturnal feeder (Ref. 6885) that feed on a variety of fishes and invertebrates (Ref. 1371). Important prey for sea lions and small cetaceans (Ref. 2850); also prey of dogfish (Ref. 11384).
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
Human uses
水産業: 高い商業の
用具
特記事項
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インターネットの情報源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7 - 12.6, mean 8.6 °C (based on 23 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00381 - 0.00548), b=3.10 (3.05 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (tmax=17; tm=4; also Musick et al. 2000 (Ref.
36717)).
Prior r = 0.52, 95% CL = 0.35 - 0.79, Based on 4 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 10.2 [5.9, 23.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.258 [0.108, 0.535] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [17.0, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.307 [0.183, 0.505] g/100g; Selenium = 21.6 [9.0, 51.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.2 [5.7, 53.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.357 [0.261, 0.491] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
