分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 1 - 26 m (Ref. 89885), usually 1 - 2 m (Ref. 89885). 熱帶
Western Atlantic: Eastern Atlantic and Brazilian populations need further investigation, (including morphological and genetic), to determine if they represent R. subbifrenatus or undescribed species (Ref. 89885).
西大西洋: 美國的佛羅里達與巴哈馬到巴西。 東大西洋: 塞內加爾到安哥拉, 包括維德角與安諾本。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 18.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7251)
背棘 (總數) : 3 - 4; 背的軟條 (總數) : 21 - 25; 臀棘: 1; 臀鰭軟條: 11 - 13. This species is distinguished from its congeners by the following set of characters: pectoral fin and distal portions of soft dorsal, caudal, and anal fins are tan to brown in life and when preserved; numerous dark spots on head and trunk; spots on head posterior to horizontal through center of orbit usually prominent, round or oblong, and one or more usually equal in size to or larger than diameter of pupil; posterior portion of interorbital region usually with 2 pairs of spots (sometimes joined as a stripe), spots directly on or abutting orbital rim; belly and caudal fin usually without spots; D III or IV (nearly bimodal), total dorsal-fin elements modally 26; pectoral fin rays modally 16; total caudal-fin rays modally 25; lower jaw extending anteriorly beyond upper jaw, mean difference between distance from tip of lower jaw to orbit and tip of upper jaw to orbit 4% HL; caudal peduncle relatively wide, average depth 13% SL (Ref. 89885).
黃褐色的﹐橄欖色﹐或紅褐色的上方, 腹面灰白的, 有分散的圓, 在頭部與身體上的暗紅色褐色到黑色的斑點.(參考文獻 26938)
Inhabits clear tropical waters to depths of 26 m, but it is found most commonly at 1-2 m (mean maximum depth of specimens collected is 5 m, only 6 were captured deeper than 15 m). Lives in tide pools, among coral rubble, in patch reefs and shallow spur and groove reef areas, occasionally found on steep vertical walls (Ref. 89885). A solitary species (Ref. 26340). Adults are said to prefer clearer waters than juveniles (Ref. 7320).
一種獨居性種 (參考文獻 26340) 礁與岩石區的周圍發現。 成魚據說超過稚魚偏愛較清楚的水域。 (參考文獻 7320)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
西大西洋: 美國的佛羅里達與巴哈馬到巴西。 東大西洋: 塞內加爾到安哥拉, 包括維德角與安諾本。
Maugé, L.A., 1990. Grammistidae. p. 709-710. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7320)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
工具
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網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.5 - 28.1, mean 27.4 °C (based on 888 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00451 - 0.02922), b=3.06 (2.84 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 71.5 [39.3, 138.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.645 [0.335, 1.129] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.8, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.167 [0.105, 0.265] g/100g; Selenium = 23.3 [13.0, 44.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 142 [46, 462] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.32 [0.89, 1.93] mg/100g (wet weight);
