分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Carangaria/misc (Various families in series Carangaria) >
Sphyraenidae (Barracudas)
Etymology: Sphyraena: Greek, sphyraina, -es = the name of a fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Girard.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 18 m (Ref. 2850). 溫帶; 58°N - 24°N, 155°W - 111°W
Eastern Pacific: Alaska to Magdalena Bay, Baja California. Not common north of Point Conception (Ref. 11484).
東太平洋: 科迪亞克熊島, 阿拉斯加到墨西哥的下加利福尼亞南部; 美國加州的 Point Conception 稀有北方。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 145 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); 最大体重: 12.0 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 12 年 (Ref. 56049)
背棘 (总数) : 6; 背的软条 (总数) : 9 - 10; 臀棘: 1; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 9. Color bluish or brownish dorsally, silvery ventrally (Ref. 6885).
蓝色或褐色的背面, 银色的腹地.(参考文献 6885)
Usually near shore or near the surface (Ref. 2850). Often in small schools (Ref. 2850). Young enter bays (Ref. 2850). Feed mainly on other fishes (Ref. 2850). Pelagic spawners (Ref. 56049). Migrate south from the California coast during autumn, but may remain in front of the Mexican coast throughout the year (Ref. 9345). Utilized fresh, dried or salted and frozen; eaten broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Considered as potentially dangerous due to its large, sharp teeth and aggressive disposition, though there are no reports of attacks (Ref. 9988).
通常近岸或接近水表面.(参考文献 2850) 常见于小群鱼群。 (参考文献 2850) 幼鱼进入海湾。 (参考文献 2850) 主要捕食其他的鱼。 (参考文献 2850) 大洋性产卵鱼.(参考文献 56049) 在秋天期间回游从加州海岸南方部, 但是可能逗留在墨西哥海岸的前面全年度.(参考文献 9345) 生鲜使用, 干燥或盐腌与冷冻; 吃火烤了而且烧烤了.(参考文献 9988) 被当作可能危险由于它的大又锐利齿与侵略性性情, 虽然有没有攻击的报告.(参考文献 9988)
Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049).東太平洋: 科迪亞克熊島, 阿拉斯加到墨西哥的下加利福尼亞南部; 美國加州的 Point Conception 稀有北方。
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.9 - 23.1, mean 12.4 °C (based on 212 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00339 - 0.01546), b=2.92 (2.74 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 7.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.14; tm=2-3; tmax=12; Fec=42,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
