Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 8 - 12 m (Ref. 51666). Subtropical; 59°N - 27°N, 156°W - 114°W
Eastern Pacific: Kodiak Island, Alaska to Rio Santo Tomas, northern Baja California, Mexico.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.5 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 4925)
Short description
Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 65 - 73; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 0; Εδρικές άκανθες: 0; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 40 - 52. Caudal rounded; pectorals as minute flaps (Ref. 6885). Dark reddish brown to black with head pale enough to display 3 dark light-edged bands radiating from each eye; light band sometimes prominent across base of caudal fin and extending on dorsal and anal fins (Ref. 6885).
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Juveniles and adults inhabit intertidal areas down to 8 m depth (Ref. 2850); Individuals to 2 cm in length have been taken from surface waters (Ref. 6885). Found under rocks and in gravel areas (Ref. 2850). May remain out of water under rocks or seaweed (Ref. 31184). Breathe air (Ref. 31184) and can stay out of water for 10-23 hours if kept moist (Ref. 51276). Oviparous, eggs are laid in several clumps or masses which are guarded by the male (Ref. 58332).
Eggs are laid in several clumps or masses which are guarded by the male (Ref. 58332).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.9 - 14, mean 10.1 °C (based on 169 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 2.5 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (tm=2.5; Fec=1,700).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).
