分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gobiiformes (Gobies)
鱸形目 (Gobies) >
Eleotridae (Bully sleepers)
塘鱧科 (Bully sleepers)
Etymology: Dormitator: Latin, dormire = to sleep (Ref. 45335); maculatus: Specific name means 'spotted' or 'stained'..
More on author: Bloch.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 17°C - 35°C (Ref. 35237); 37°N - 5°S
North to South America: along the Atlantic slope from North Carolina (USA) to southeastern Brazil.
北至南美洲: 沿著來自北卡羅萊那州 (美國) 的大西洋斜坡, 對巴西東南方。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 26340); common length : 14.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (總數) : 1 - 7; 背的軟條 (總數) : 9 - 15; 臀棘: 0 - 1; 臀鰭軟條: 9 - 10. A short stubby fish with a conspicuously flat head (Ref. 26938).
一個短的粗而短的魚具有一顯著地平坦的頭部.(參考文獻 26938)
Facultative air-breathing in the genus (Ref. 126274); Adults inhabit marshes, muddy ponds and channels with a salinity range of 0 to 21 ppt (Ref. 7251), up to 38.4 ppt in some cases (Ref. 97140). Mostly found in fresh water but also in brackish mangrove areas. They ascend upstream but remain in the lower reaches. Sexually mature after one year. Gonads develop during the dry season. Average size at maturity is 5.1 cm for males, 4.5 cm for females. Omnivorous, adults feed mainly on plants, sediments and invertebrates. They undergo coloration change during reproduction, carrying out a complex nuptial parade. Adults guard the nest. Egg is 0.3 mm, incubation time is 11 to 16 hours at 27°C (Ref. 35237).
棲息於濕地, 泥濘的池塘，而且峽道具有一個 0 到 21個 ppt 的鹽度範圍。 大部份發現於淡水了也在半鹹淡的紅樹林區域中。 向上游上溯到但是逗留在下面的範圍。 在一年之後性成熟。 生殖腺在乾季的時候發育。 平均的大小成熟時是 5.1 公分雄魚, 母魚的 4.5 公分。 雜食性,主要捕食植物，沉澱物與無脊椎動物。 在繁殖的時候改變它的顏色,實行一個複雜的求偶遊行。 成魚保衛巢。 卵是 0.3 mm, 孵育時間在 27 °C 是 11 到 16 小時.(參考文獻 35237)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
北至南美洲: 沿著來自北卡羅萊那州 (美國) 的大西洋斜坡, 對巴西東南方。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 11 February 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.5 - 28.1, mean 27.3 °C (based on 807 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00391 - 0.02676), b=3.02 (2.79 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.5 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 90.6 [51.5, 209.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.891 [0.443, 1.695] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.167 [0.096, 0.275] g/100g; Selenium = 44.5 [22.5, 96.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.7 [4.5, 40.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.63 [1.14, 2.44] mg/100g (wet weight);
