Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino demersale; distribuzione batimetrica 10 - 120 m (Ref. 92840). Subtropical
Western Central Atlantic: southern Florida, USA and the entire Gulf of Mexico.
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 92840)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 8; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 12 - 14; Spine anali: 1; Raggi anali molli: 11 - 14. Distinguished by the following characteristics: laterally compressed head and body; large mouth and very oblique; completely scaled body with ctenoid scales; first dorsal with VII spines; pelvic fins fused forming a disc; caudal fin lanceolate (Ref. 92840).
Inhabits muddy bottoms at depths ranging from 10-120 meters (Ref. 92840).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.3 - 27.5, mean 24.7 °C (based on 172 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00708 (0.00333 - 0.01504), b=3.09 (2.92 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Alto, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione meno di 15 mesi (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
