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> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
Etymology: More on author: Girard.

Issue
Hybridizes with Platichthys stellatus - the hybrid, called Inopsetta ischyra, may be found from the Bering Sea to San Francisco, California, USA.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser demersal; ozeanodrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich 0 - 550 m (Ref. 6793). Temperate; 61°N - 28°N, 163°E - 114°W

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Eastern Pacific: from Russia to Agattu Island, north to Nunivak Island, Alaska, then South to Mexico, Baja California, Mexico.

Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: L_m 31.0, range 30 - 32 cm
Max length : 49.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 6885); 57.0 cm TL (female); common length : 33.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 56527); max. veröff. Gewicht: 1.5 kg (Ref. 56527); max. veröff. Alter: 22 Jahre (Ref. 55701)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 72 - 92; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 45 - 70; Wirbelzahl: 41 - 44. Dorsal origin above middle of upper eye. Pectorals inclined to be pointed.

Adults inhabit sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 4925). Young occur in intertidal areas. Feed on small crustaceans, marine worms, brittle stars and small mollusks (Ref. 6885). Spawning adults make extensive migrations (Ref. 6885).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Fortpflanzung | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Hauptreferenz Upload your references | Referenzen | Koordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Partner

Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)

nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 17 September 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

Harmless

Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja

FAO - Fischereien: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Trophic ecology
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 3.4 - 8.3, mean 5.6 °C (based on 245 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00575 (0.00358 - 0.00924), b=3.03 (2.89 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.46 se; based on food items.

Generation time: 4.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.

Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (tm=3; tmax=22; K=0.24; Fec=150,000).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).

Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766): High.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 34.1 [13.5, 59.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.269 [0.135, 0.520] mg/100g; Protein = 16.4 [14.5, 18.6] %; Omega3 = 0.365 [0.180, 0.751] g/100g; Selenium = 20.5 [10.8, 42.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.24 [1.95, 35.14] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.428 [0.290, 0.630] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

Parophrys vetulus Girard, 1854