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> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Cynoglossidae (Tonguefishes) > Symphurinae
Etymology: Symphurus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335); atricauda: atricauda meaning black tail (Ref. 4930).
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecología

marino demersal; rango de profundidad 2 - 201 m (Ref. 2850), usually 30 - 80 m (Ref. 9294). Subtropical; 46°N -

Distribución Países | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Point map | Introducciones | Faunafri

Eastern Central Pacific: California, USA to the Gulf of California.

Tamaño / Peso / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 21.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 2850); common length : 13.0 cm SL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 9294)

Short description Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría

Espinas dorsales (total) : 0; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 94 - 102; Espinas anales: 0; Radios blandos anales: 77 - 83; Vértebra: 50 - 53.

Found on mud or sandy-mud bottom (Ref. 2850). Feeds on small fishes (Ref. 37955) and invertebrates (Ref. 9294).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproducción | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva

Main reference Upload your references | Referencias | Coordinador | Colaboradores

Munroe, T.A., F. Krupp and M. Schneider, 1995. Cynoglossidae. Lenguas, lenguetas. p. 1039-1059. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9294)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 30 October 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Pesquerías: escaso valor comercial

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 11.6 - 23.4, mean 16.5 °C (based on 57 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00647 - 0.03228), b=3.05 (2.85 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Nivel trófico (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.48 se; based on food items.

Resiliencia (Ref. 120179): Alto, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo inferior a 15 meses (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (11 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Symphurus atricauda (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)