分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Myliobatidae (Eagle and manta rays)
Etymology: Myliobatis: Greek, mylo = mill + Greek, + Greek, batis,-idos = a ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 深度上下限 1 - 300 m (Ref. 4440). 亞熱帶的; 60°N - 36°S, 32°W - 58°E
Eastern Atlantic: Madeira, Morocco and the Canary Islands north to the western coasts of Ireland and British Isles and the southwestern North Sea, south to Natal, South Africa. Also throughout the Mediterranean.
東大西洋: 馬得拉群島, 摩洛哥與加納利群島北至愛爾蘭的西海岸，而且英國人成為島嶼，而且北海西南方, 南至南非的納塔爾。 也在地中海各處。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 60 - ? cm
Max length : 183 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4440); 最大体重: 14.5 kg (Ref. 40637)
A plain eagleray with a short, rounded snout; disc with broadly angular corners, and upper or lower jaw usually with 7 rows of plate-like teeth (Ref. 5578). Brown or blackish dorsally, white ventrally (Ref. 5578). No caudal fin (Ref. 5578).
一个单色的鹰 具有一个短，圆形的吻; 宽广地体盘有棱角，而且上颌或下颌通常有 7 列的板状齿。 (参考文献 5578) 褐色或黑色的背面, 腹侧白色的.(参考文献 5578) 没有尾鳍.(参考文献 5578)
Found in shallow lagoons (Ref. 3965), bays and estuaries; also offshore down to at least 95 m (Ref. 5578). Often found in groups (Ref. 5578). Feeds on benthic crustaceans, mollusks and fish. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Gestation period of 6-8 months, the females give birth to 3-7 young (Ref. 35388). Caught by shore and ski-boat anglers, usually released after capture (Ref. 5578). Flesh is highly esteemed (Ref. 3965).
发现于泻湖浅滩 (参考文献 3965) ，海湾与河口了; 也外海向下至至少 95 公尺.(参考文献 5578) 经常被成群发现。 (参考文献 5578) 吃底栖的甲壳动物，软件动物与鱼。 卵胎生的.(参考文献 50449) 6-8个月的妊娠期, 雌性对 3-7个幼鱼生产.(参考文献 35388) 被海岸与雪橇船垂钓者捕获了, 通常释放在抓取之后.(参考文献 5578) 肉是深受喜爱的。 (参考文献 3965)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).東大西洋: 馬得拉群島, 摩洛哥與加納利群島北至愛爾蘭的西海岸，而且英國人成為島嶼，而且北海西南方, 南至南非的納塔爾。 也在地中海各處。
McEachran, J.D. and B. Séret, 1990. Myliobatididae. p. 67-70. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4440)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.7 - 19.8, mean 15.2 °C (based on 318 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00123 - 0.01235), b=3.08 (2.82 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.54 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Fec=3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 6.54 [0.80, 118.48] mg/100g; Iron = 0.508 [0.046, 6.020] mg/100g; Protein = 20.4 [15.1, 25.6] %; Omega3 = 0.205 [0.068, 0.558] g/100g; Selenium = 36.1 [6.7, 193.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 3.95 [0.36, 41.63] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.492 [0.030, 5.489] mg/100g (wet weight);
