Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien benthopelagisch; diepte 20 - 220 m (Ref. 2683). Subtropical; 46°N - 17°S, 23°W - 37°E
Eastern Atlantic: Portugal to Angola (Ref. 4781); also in the Mediterranean and around the Canary and São Tomé-Principe islands.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 34.7 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 106 cm FL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 40637); common length : 60.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3688); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 16.4 kg (Ref. )
Occur on the shelf on rocky and rubble bottoms, as well as on sand around rocks. The young are close to shore while the adults occur offshore in the vicinity of the continental slope. Feed mainly on crustaceans, fish and cephalopods (Ref. 4781). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 27000. Maximum published weight 15 kg (Ref. 5377) and reported 16.42 kg (Miguel Cañizares (pers.comm. 7/2019).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
The majority (50-70%) are males up to 50 cm length, transforming into females thereafter (Ref. 4781). Also Ref. 28504.
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel; sportvis: ja
Tools
Speciale rapporten
Download XML
Internetbronnen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13 - 19.3, mean 15.5 °C (based on 193 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00916 - 0.01253), b=3.03 (3.00 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.59 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.12-0.19; tmax=7).
Prior r = 0.49, 95% CL = 0.32 - 0.73, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31.8 [17.2, 58.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.687 [0.384, 1.179] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [18.1, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.403 [0.260, 0.618] g/100g; Selenium = 40 [19, 76] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13 [4, 43] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.576 [0.407, 0.831] mg/100g (wet weight);
