分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 5 m (Ref. 90102). 熱帶; 20°C - 28°C (Ref. 13371); 35°N - 33°S, 48°E - 171°W
Indo-Pacific: Kuwait to Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia. Reported from Samoa (Ref. 9710), Tonga (Ref. 53797), and the Society Islands (Ref. 2847).
印度-太平洋: 科威特到斐濟, 北至日本南部, 南至新加勒多尼亞。 記錄來自美屬薩摩亞 (參考文獻 9710) ，東加 (參考文獻 53797)了, 與社會群島.(參考文獻 2847)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 14 - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 108711); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3489)
背棘 (總數) : 10 - 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 16 - 18; 臀棘: 4; 臀鰭軟條: 13 - 15. Ground colour greenish. Juveniles with a few large roundish blotches, about size of eye, or with about 5 or 6 broad, dark, vertical bars. In large adults, spots may be faint and restricted to dorsal part of flanks. Body quadrangular, strongly compressed. Dorsal head profile steep. Eye moderately large, its diameter somewhat smaller than snout length. Snout rounded. Mouth small, horizontal, not protractile. Teeth villiform, in several rows on jaws (ref 43044).
地面顏色呈綠色的。 稚魚有一些大的圓斑塊, 大約眼的大小, 否則有大約 5 或 6 寬的﹐深色的, 縱帶。 在大的成魚中，斑點可能是模糊的而且侷限於側面的背部部份。 身體四邊形的, 非常扁長形的。 頭部背面輪廓陡峭的。 眼普通大的, 它的直徑略微比吻的長度更小。 吻圓的。 嘴小的﹐水平的, 不是可伸出。 齒絨毛狀的, 在顎 (參考文獻 43044) 上的幾排中.
Inhabit harbors, natural embayments, brackish estuaries and the lower reaches of freshwater streams, frequently occurring among mangroves. Feed on worms, crustaceans, insects and plant matter (Ref. 7020, 44894, 48637). The dorsal, anal and pelvic spines are believed by Philippine fishers to be venomous and capable of inflicting wounds (Ref. 6565). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166). In Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Marketed as fresh (Ref. 12693).
棲息於淡水溪流的港灣，自然灣，半鹹淡水河口與下面範圍,時常出現在紅樹林之中。 捕食蠕蟲，甲殼動物，昆蟲與植物。 (參考文獻 7020) 背部, 臀鰭與腹鰭棘被菲律賓漁夫相信是有毒的與能夠施放創傷.(參考文獻 6565) 被用於中藥材了。 (參考文獻 12166) 在香港活魚販售。 (參考文獻 27253) 在市場上新鮮銷售.(參考文獻 12693)
Multiple spawner (Ref. 102820).印度-太平洋: 科威特到斐濟, 北至日本南部, 南至新加勒多尼亞。 記錄來自美屬薩摩亞 (參考文獻 9710) ，東加 (參考文獻 53797)了, 與社會群島.(參考文獻 2847)
Allen, G.R., 1984. Scatophagidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3489)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 February 2009
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 養殖: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.4 - 29.3, mean 28.6 °C (based on 2701 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.8125 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03236 (0.02371 - 0.04416), b=2.92 (2.83 - 3.01), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.35 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 0.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.97; tm=1; Fec=486,500).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 80.7 [40.4, 127.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.8 [0.5, 1.4] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [18.0, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.0919 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 28.9 [14.3, 62.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22.8 [6.1, 87.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.49 [0.96, 2.24] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
