分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Chondrostei >
Acipenseriformes (Sturgeons and paddlefishes) >
Acipenseridae (Sturgeons) > Acipenserinae
Etymology: Acipenser: Latin, acipenser = sturgeon, 1853 (Ref. 45335); gueldenstaedtii: Named for Johann Anton Güldenstädt (1745-1781)..
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 2 - 100 m, usually 10 - 25 m. 温带; 10°C - 20°C (Ref. 2059); 61°N - 35°N, 26°E - 54°E
Eurasia: Black Sea, Sea of Azov and Caspian Sea basins. Introduced throughout Europe.
欧亚大陆: 黑海，亚速海与里海, 进入所有的主要河川哪一并未居住其中.(顿河，库邦河，多瑙河，聂伯河 (稀有的), 第聂伯河) 国际间的买卖限制 ( CITES2, 自从 1.4.98 以后; CMS 附录 2).
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 236 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 59043); common length : 145 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3561); 最大体重: 115.0 kg (Ref. 6866); 最大年龄: 46 年 (Ref. 3561)
简单描述
检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 27 - 48; 臀鳍软条: 16 - 35. Under the name A. g. colchicus. Lower lip not continuous, interrupted at center. Five rows of scutes: dorsal 7-19, lateral 24-44 on each side, ventral 6-13 on each side, with lines of smaller stellate bony plates between the dorsal and ventral rows. Color of back olivaceous grey, flanks lighter, and belly white.
被称为 A. g 。 colchicus. 下唇不是连续, 在中心中断。 五个列的鳞甲: 背部的 7-19, 侧面的 24-44 在两边上, 腹面 6-13 在两边上, 与在背部与腹面列之间的比较小星形的骨质板的线。 背面的颜色灰橄榄色的，侧面颜色较淡，与腹部白色的。
Anadromous and freshwater populations exist. At the sea, it occurs in shallow coastal and estuarine zones. In freshwaters, it inhabits deep parts of large rivers with moderate to swift current (Ref. 59043). Found mainly near the shore over sand and mud. Usually solitary, but swarms when hibernating or during spawning migrations. Occasionally forms schools (Ref. 3241). Feeds on benthic molluscs, crustaceans and small fishes. Spawns on stone or gravel bottom in large and deep rivers with strong current, 1-1.5 m/s (Ref. 59043). Mainly propagated through artificial reproduction.
主要地在沙子与泥上的海岸附近发现。 通常独居性的, 但是当过冬的时候成群地移动或在生殖回游的时候。 偶然地形成鱼群。 (参考文献 3241) 吃软体动物，甲壳动物与小鱼。 ( 鱼，鲱鱼, 鰕虎鱼) 从五月到六月产卵。 主要地以人工繁殖方式繁殖了。
Under the name A. g. colchicus. Spawns in rivers. Natural spawning not extensive, maintained chiefly by artificial propagation. Enters rivers from April to June (a few in autumn).欧亚大陆: 黑海，亚速海与里海, 进入所有的主要河川哪一并未居住其中.(顿河，库邦河，多瑙河，聂伯河 (稀有的), 第聂伯河) 国际间的买卖限制 ( CITES2, 自从 1.4.98 以后; CMS 附录 2).
Sokolov, L.I. and L.S. Berdicheskii, 1989. Acipenseridae. p. 150-153. In J. Holcík (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 1, Part II. General introduction to fishes Acipenseriformes. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. 469 p. (Ref. 9953)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
极度濒危 (CR) (A2bcde); Date assessed: 14 September 2019
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10.7 - 15.9, mean 13.8 °C (based on 32 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00437 (0.00268 - 0.00711), b=3.12 (2.99 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (tm=11; Fec = 26,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (87 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14.6 [8.4, 25.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.247 [0.150, 0.396] mg/100g; Protein = 17.4 [14.9, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.342 [0.189, 0.611] g/100g; Selenium = 23.6 [12.0, 45.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.63 [1.97, 16.00] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.512 [0.365, 0.722] mg/100g (wet weight);
