分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 亞熱帶的; 24°S - 33°S
Africa: originally endemic to the Orange-Vaal River system, South Africa. Has been introduced into the Gouritz River, South Cape and the Olifants River, Limpopo River system where it is now established.
非洲: 橘色- 瓦爾河系統，南非的原始特有種。 曾經引入 Gouritz 河, 南方的岬與象河中, 林波波河系統在那裡它現在被建立。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 7248); 最大体重: 7.8 kg (Ref. 7248); 最大年龄: 12 年 (Ref. 6465)
背棘 (总数) : 4; 背的软条 (总数) : 7 - 9; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 5.
Occurs in impoundments and rivers. Prefers clear-flowing waters over sandy or rocky substrates. An omnivorous bottom feeder. Diet includes water fleas, snails, plankton, small mussels, insects, small fish, algae and detritus. Breeds in spring through to midsummer after the first substantial rains of the season. Migrates upstream to spawn over suitable gravel beds (Ref. 7248).
出现于圈围水域与河。 偏爱在沙或岩石的底部上的清澈-流动的水域。 一个杂食性的底部捕食者。 食物包括水蚤，蜗牛，浮游生物，小的贻贝，昆虫，小鱼，藻类与碎屑。 繁殖于春天直到仲夏在第一个之后季节的实质上雨。 向上游回游到产卵于适当的砾石床之上.(参考文献 7248)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
Breeds in flowing water therefore must ascend the rivers to spawn in gravel beds. Eggs are laid in a shallow saucer-like nest which is constructed in the gravel by a female (or perhaps male) using the snout and caudal fin. Eggs are covered with gravel after fertilization. A 45 cm female carries 30, 000 eggs.非洲: 橘色- 瓦爾河系統，南非的原始特有種。 曾經引入 Gouritz 河, 南方的岬與象河中, 林波波河系統在那裡它現在被建立。
Lévêque, C. and J. Daget, 1984. Cyprinidae. p. 217-342. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1. (Ref. 2801)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00422 - 0.02065), b=3.01 (2.82 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.42 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 8.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.13-0.27; tmax=12).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 95.8 [63.6, 169.1] mg/100g; Iron = 1.51 [1.02, 2.14] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [17.6, 19.1] %; Omega3 = 0.694 [0.335, 1.511] g/100g; Selenium = 29.9 [13.5, 63.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 36 [16, 88] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.17 [0.87, 1.58] mg/100g (wet weight);
