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> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Haemulidae (Grunts) > Haemulinae
Etymology: Parakuhlia: Greek, para = by the side of + Because of Heindrich Kuhl, 1797-1821; researcher also with lizards (Gekkonida.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser demersal; tiefenbereich ? - 30 m (Ref. 2683). Tropical

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Eastern Central Atlantic: Senegal to Angola.

Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 2683); common length : 15.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 2683)

Neritic species (Ref. 7356). Inhabits inshore water, frequenting rocky coast and beaches to depths of 20 m (Ref. 9675).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Fortpflanzung | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).

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Maugé, L.A. and M. Desoutter, 1990. Kuhliidae. p. 711. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7356)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)

Daten mangelhaft (DD) ; Date assessed: 14 May 2013

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

Harmless

Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: kommerziell

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 25.1 - 28, mean 27.3 °C (based on 192 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01738 (0.00807 - 0.03743), b=3.02 (2.83 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179): hoch, Verdopplung der Population dauert weniger als 15 Monate. (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Parakuhlia macrophthalma (Osório, 1893)