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> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Hippoglossinae
Etymology: Reinhardtius: Because of Johannes Christopher H. Reinhardt, Danish zoologist, studied under Vahl and Cuvier, professor in Kobanhavn in 1813 (1776-1845) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Walbaum.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien benthopelagisch; oceanodroom (Ref. 51243); diepte 1 - 2200 m (Ref. 108960), usually 500 - 1000 m (Ref. 6263). Boreal; -1°C - 4°C (Ref. 43586); 79°N - 33°N, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 54862)

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Circumglobal: In arctic and temperate waters; northern hemisphere. Sea of Japan off Honshu north to Shishmaref, Alaska in the Chukchi Sea, throughout the Aleutian Islands, and southeast to northern Baja California, Mexico. North Atlantic: New Jersey, USA to Spitsbergen (Svalbard Islands) and the Barents Sea south to Ireland. Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951).

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: L_m 63.5, range 65 - 80 cm
Max length : 110 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 80637); 130.0 cm TL (female); common length : 56.0 cm FL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 55110); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 7.0 kg (Ref. 173); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 7.0 kg; max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 36 Jaren (Ref. 117245)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 83 - 108; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 62 - 79; Wervels: 60 - 64. Dorsal origin behind posterior edge of upper eye. Caudal slightly forked to truncate. Pectorals small.

Often caught pelagically (Ref. 4705). Adults prefer bottom temperatures of -0.5°C to 6.0°C (Ref. 5951). Epibenthic (Ref. 58426). Feed on crustaceans, fishes (Ref. 4705, 6885), eelpouts, capelin, redfishes, deep sea prawns and other bottom invertebrates (Ref. 35388). Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Utilized dried or salted and frozen; can be steamed and fried (Ref. 9988). Size of the Greenland halibut collected from 400-599 m deep in eastern Bering Sea, ranged from 9 to 99 cm FL with a mean of 56 cm (Ref. 55110).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Fertilized eggs develop in approximately 50 days. Larvae are pelagic with a maximum size of 8 cm and will drift for about 4 months before settling at about 7 cm on clay-silt subtrates at depths of 300-450 m, after which they metamorphose (Ref. 117245).

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Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Gevoelig (NT) (A4bcd); Date assessed: 24 February 2021

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

Harmless

Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van groot commercieel belang

FAO - visserij: aanvoer, soortsprofiel; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 0.5 - 4.2, mean 3 °C (based on 361 cells).

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00363 (0.00292 - 0.00452), b=3.19 (3.12 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278): 4.4 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.

Generation time: 12.2 (11.0 - 15.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10 growth studies.

Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179): laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (K=0.07-0.10; tm=7-12; tmax=30; Fec=6,800).

Prior r = 0.26, 95% CL = 0.17 - 0.39, Based on 13 full stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).

Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 6.69 [3.30, 13.54] mg/100g; Iron = 0.117 [0.062, 0.270] mg/100g; Protein = 15 [13, 17] %; Omega3 = 0.262 [0.104, 0.631] g/100g; Selenium = 44.6 [20.3, 101.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.9 [3.9, 85.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.308 [0.204, 0.448] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum, 1792)