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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Umbrina: Latin, umbra, -ae = shadow, in the sense of phantom; due to its quick movements (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Mildred ‘Milly’ Miller was the wife of the author, American ichthyologist Robert Victor Miller. (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / kisaran kedalaman / distribution range
Ekologi
laut bentopelagis; kisaran kedalaman ? - 183 m (Ref. 58018). Tropical
Western Atlantic: Deep water off Colombia (Ref. 26938).
Size / Weight / umur
Kematangan: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 10 - 11; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 22 - 23; Sirip dubur lunak: 7. Body dark, oblong, and compressed. Mouth subterminal, chin with a short barbel perforated with a pore on front. Inside opercle jet black (Ref 51721).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
McAllister, D.E., 1990. A working list of fishes of the world. Copies available from D.E. McAllister, Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada. 2661 p. plus 1270 p. Index. (Ref. 27116)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00472 - 0.01845), b=3.08 (2.92 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Acuan
69278): 3.4 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
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