Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển; Thuộc về nước lợ; Mức độ sâu 0 - 50 m (Ref. 189). Subtropical; 2°S - 39°S, 60°W - 32°W (Ref. 189)
Southwest Atlantic: Ceará, Brazil southward to Mar de la Plata, Argentina.
Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 14.9 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 122735); common length : 6.5 cm SL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 189); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 24.10 g (Ref. 122735)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 0; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 0; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 16 - 19. Snout long, pointed, about 3/4 eye diameter; maxilla moderate, tip not sharply pointed, not or only just reaching to hind border of pre-operculum; gill cover canals of panamensis-type. Anal fin short, its origin below or behind midpoint of dorsal fin base. A broad silver stripe along flank, about 3/4 eye diameter.
A schooling species found in coastal waters, but also entering brackish water. More data needed (Ref. 189). Found in markets (Ref. 37032). Largely utilized as bait for commercial fishery, oil, flour, and also canned fish (Ref. 103984).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Sự tái sinh sản | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Ấu trùng
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.8 - 27.2, mean 22.6 °C (based on 64 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00550 (0.00324 - 0.00932), b=3.11 (2.97 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 0.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Chiêù cao, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là dưới 15 tháng (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).