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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Acanthopagrus: Greek, akantha = thorn + Greek, pagros, a kind of fish (Ref. 45335); berda: Name refers to the local vernacular name for the species; noun in apposition (Ref. 83673).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển; Nước ngọt; Thuộc về nước lợ gần đáy; Ở đại duơng, biển (Ref. 51243); Mức độ sâu ? - 50 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical; 30°N - 35°S, 22°E - 103°E
Indian Ocean, South Africa, Mozambique, the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, India, Phuket (Andaman Sea, specimen lost), and Malaysia (Penang Island and Langkawi Island, near Singapore). Western Pacific specimens recorded as A. berda refer to Acanthopagrus pacificus (Ref. 86288).
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm 21.0, range 20 - 22 cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 3198); common length : 35.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 5450); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 3.2 kg (Ref. 3670); Tuổi cực đại được báo cáo: 14 các năm (Ref. 3627)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 11 - 12; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 10 - 13; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 3; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 8 - 9. Diagnosis: This species is distinguished from all its congeners by the following characters: scale rows between fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line 3.5; front edge of dorsal scaly area on head slightly convex, with small scales (fewer than 20) anteriorly; pored lateral-line scales 42-44; second anal-fin spine (2AS) longer than third anal-fin spine (3AS), 2AS/3AS ratio 1.23-1.50 (mean 1.36); strongly curved concavity on ventral edge of first two infraorbitals above rear end of maxilla, particularly obvious in specimens more than 13 cm standard length; scales on preopercle flange absent; anal-fin membrane dark; molariform teeth strongly developed along both jaws, teeth rows strongly curved laterally at rear of lower jaw (Ref. 83673).
Common in estuaries, relatively uncommon in freshwaters (Ref. 52193). It feeds on invertebrates, including worms, mollusks, crustaceans and echinoderms (Ref. 5213), and small fish (Ref. 3670, 52193). Breeds in winter at sea (Ref. 52193). Protandrous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). The flesh is excellent; sold fresh in markets. It is parasitised by the monogenean Anoplodiscus australis on the fins and body surface (Ref. 124057).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Sự tái sinh sản | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Ấu trùng
Size at sex change = 19.1 TL; age at sex change = 1.95 years (Ref. 55367).
Iwatsuki, Y. and P.C. Heemstra, 2010. Taxonomic review of the Western Indian Ocean species of the genus Acanthopagrus Peters, 1855 (Perciformes: Sparidae), with description of a new species from Oman. Copeia 2010(1):123-136. (Ref. 83673)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại; cá để chơi: đúng
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.6 - 29, mean 27.8 °C (based on 856 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01862 (0.01372 - 0.02526), b=2.97 (2.92 - 3.02), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.42 se; based on food items.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (K=0.28-0.38; tmax=14; tm=1).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 91.7 [45.9, 162.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.944 [0.530, 1.870] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.179 [0.101, 0.330] g/100g; Selenium = 59.7 [27.6, 120.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.6 [2.3, 22.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.918 [0.599, 1.351] mg/100g (wet weight);
