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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Stolephorus: Greek, stole, -es = garment + Greek, pherein = to carry (Ref. 45335).
Issue
Junior synonym Stolephorus baweanensis Hardenberg, 1933 is considered valid in CofF ver. 06 June 2023 following Hata et al., 2019 (Ref. 128121:11).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
นิเวศวิทยา
เกี่ยวกับทะเล,น้ำเค็ม; กร่อย; สัตว์น้ำที่อาศัยและอพยพภายในทะเลเท่านั้น (Ref. 51243); ระดับความลึก 0 - 50 m (Ref. 189). Tropical; 28°N - 9°S, 42°E - 123°E (Ref. 189)
Indo-Pacific: northern part of the Indian Ocean (Gulf of Aden, not Red Sea or the Persian Gulf, eastward to Burma) and western Pacific (Gulf of Thailand, Java Sea, also Hong Kong, Fujian and Taiwan Island; if correctly identified, then reaches to Fiji and Samoa) (Ref. 189). Mediterranean: Tel Aviv, Israel (Ref. 96660).
Length at first maturity / ขนาด / น้ำหนัก / Age
Maturity: Lm 4.3, range 6 - ? cm
Max length : 8.0 cm SL เพศผู้/กระเทย; (Ref. 1602)
เงี่ยงครีบก้น: 0; ก้านครีบอ่อนที่ก้น: 17 - 20. Diagnosis: Body somewhat compressed, belly with 4-8 small needle-like pre-pelvic scutes; a small pre-dorsal spine in some specimens; maxilla tip pointed, reaching to or beyond hind border of pre-operculum, the latter concave, indented near maxilla tip; lower gillrakers 21 to 28; fine teeth on upper edge of hyoid bones; anal fin short, usually with 3 unbranched and 14-17 branched finrays, its origin below about middle of dorsal fin base; a double pigment line on back behind dorsal fin; tail deep yellow, at least in Indian specimens (Ref. 189). Of species with an indented pre-operculum, Stolephorus andhraensis has fewer gillrakers, 20-21, and S. ronquilloi has more gillrakers, 28-30; other species with a pre-dorsal spine also have a spine on the pelvic scute, like in S. dubiosus, S. baganensis and S. tri; hyoid tooth patches are present in S. commersonnii, but pre-operculum rounded, scutes usually 1-4, and in S. carpenteriae, but no pigment lines on back, anal origin under anterior part of dorsal fin base (Ref. 189).
Coastal pelagic (Ref. 68964). A schooling species occurring in coastal waters. More data needed based on correct identifications. The record from the Godavari estuary implies tolerance of lowered salinities, but the identity of the material is uncertain (perhaps S. waitei). Appears to be fairly common throughout its range. Used as bait in the tuna fishery in the South Pacific, although rather fragile.
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
การประมง: การค้า; เหยื่อ: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25 - 29.2, mean 28.5 °C (based on 816 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00380 (0.00210 - 0.00687), b=3.15 (2.99 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
ระดับชั้นอาหาร (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 0.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
ความสามารถในการกลับคืนสู่ปกติ (Ref.
120179): ความสูง, เวลาต่ำสุดที่จะทำให้ประชากรเพิ่มขึ้นเป็น 2 เท่าใช้เวลาน้อยกว่า 15 เดือน (K=1.61-20.8).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 322 [83, 1,677] mg/100g; Iron = 2.35 [0.80, 5.89] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [17.5, 22.3] %; Omega3 = 0.248 [0.061, 1.094] g/100g; Selenium = 103 [22, 527] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.9 [1.8, 166.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 5.43 [2.32, 10.65] mg/100g (wet weight);
![Image of Stolephorus insularis (Hardenberg\](/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Stins_u0.jpg "Image of Stolephorus insularis (Hardenberg\")
