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> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Engraulidae (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Stolephorus: Greek, stole, -es = garment + Greek, pherein = to carry (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Jordan & Seale.

Issue
Junior synonym Stolephorus bataviensis Hardenberg, 1933 is considered valid in CofF ver. 06 June 2023 following Hata et al., 2019 (Ref. 128121:11).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Οικολογία

Θαλασσινό(ά); Γλυκού νερού; Υφάλμυρο; ωκεανόδρομο(ς) (Ref. 51243); εύρος βάθους 0 - 50 m (Ref. 189). Tropical; 25°N - 21°S, 71°E - 151°E (Ref. 189)

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Indo-Pacific: western Indian Ocean (from Cochin and southern tip of India to Myanmar) and western Pacific (Thailand, Java Sea, the Philippines, probably Irian Jaya, if not also Papua New Guinea, south to Queensland; perhaps even more widespread). Its geographical overlap and similarity to S. insularis cast doubts on the several Indian studies of `insularis'. One of the commonest species of genus Stolephorus.

Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age

Maturity: L_m 8.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 9.4 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 189); common length : 6.5 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 189)

Short description Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία

Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 0; Εδρικές άκανθες: 0; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 18 - 20. Belly with 5 to 7 small needle-like pre-pelvic scutes. Maxilla tip pointed, reaching to hind border of pre-operculum, the latter almost always convex, rounded. Pelvic fin tips only rarely reaching to below dorsal fin origin. Numerous black spots below level of eye and on tip of lower jaw, by which it is generally distinguished from other species; a dark patch behind occiput.

A pelagic, schooling species found in coastal waters. Caught mainly with seines (beach and purse), traps often using light, incidentally with bottom trawls. Marketed fresh, dried, dried-salted or made into fish meal, fish sauce fish balls and used as bait (Ref. 9822).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες

Main reference Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής | Συνεργάτες

Wongratana, T., T.A. Munroe and M. Nizinski, 1999. Order Clupeiformes. Engraulidae. Anchovies. p. 1698-1753. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9822)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 09 March 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά)

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Διαδικτυακές πηγές

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 26.7 - 29.1, mean 28.4 °C (based on 1120 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00501 (0.00289 - 0.00869), b=3.07 (2.92 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Ελαστικότητα (Ref. 120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (K=0.16).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Low.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 565 [193, 1,588] mg/100g; Iron = 2.77 [1.46, 4.87] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.0, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.296 [0.129, 0.704] g/100g; Selenium = 60.9 [23.8, 146.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.9 [6.2, 109.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 3.05 [1.92, 4.83] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

Stolephorus waitei Jordan & Seale, 1926