Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings)
鯡目 (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies)
鯷科 (Anchovies) > Coiliinae
Etymology: Thryssa: Greek, thrissa, -es = shad (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水; 深度上下限 1 - 20 m (Ref. 6898). 熱帶; 28°N - 40°S, 21°E - 170°E (Ref. 189)
Indo-Pacific: India Ocean from Gulf of Oman south to Port Alfred, but no records from the Red Sea and Madagascar; coasts of Pakistan, India and probably Burma; Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines to Taiwan (Ref. 189), including Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819); also northern Australia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and New Hebrides (Ref. 189).
印度-太平洋: 阿曼灣南至艾佛烈港, 沒有來自紅海與馬達加斯加的紀錄; 巴基斯坦,印度的海岸, 可能緬甸; 泰國，印尼, 菲律賓到台灣; 也阿拉弗拉海 (參考文獻 9819) ，澳洲北部，巴布亞新幾內亞，索羅門群島與新海布里群島。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 16.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 18.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9822); common length : 15.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9822)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 14 - 16; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 32 - 39. Diagnosis: Body fairly compressed, belly with 16-18 plus 9-10, with a total of 25-28 keeled scutes; lower gill rakers 10-12; head with gold tints; anal and caudal fins deep yellow; a black area behind upper part of gill opening (Ref. 189). It is distinguished from all other Thryssa species and in fact all other anchovies by the very long maxilla, reaching at least to tip of pectoral fin, usually to pelvic fin base or even to anal fin origin; also unique is the high coronoid process of the lower jaw, the jaw rising steeply in the mouth (Ref. 189).
腹面有 25 到 28个有龙骨的鳞甲。 与所有的其他 Thryssa 种与 鱼区分了藉由非常长的颚骨, 至少到胸鳍顶端, 通常到腹鳍基底或甚至到臀鳍起源; 也独特的是下面颌的高下颚齿骨冠突，颌陡升在嘴巴中。 头部有金色的色彩; 臀鳍与尾鳍深黄色; 在鳃后面的深色斑点。
Marine, pelagic, presumably schooling, occurring mostly close inshore, entering bays and estuaries (Ref. 189, 30573). Recorded at a temperature range of 26.0-29.0 °C in the Trinity Inlet system, Australia (Ref. 4959). It feeds mainly on crustaceans, like amphipods, zoea larvae, Acetes (Ref. 189, 30573). May be caught using ringnets (Ref. 5213). Used as bait in the tuna fishery in the South Pacific.
推测为群游大部份出现 (或总是 ?) 近岸与湾内与河口。 在澳大利亚的三合水湾系统中的一个 26.0-29.0 °C 的温差记录。 (参考文献 4959) 主要吃甲壳动物。 (海蟹幼虫，片脚类动物, Acetes) 需要更多的资料, 包括一些功能的解释为特别长的小颚。 可能是使用环状网捕捉。 (参考文献 5213) 在南太平洋的鲔鱼业当作鱼饵了。
印度-太平洋: 阿曼灣南至艾佛烈港, 沒有來自紅海與馬達加斯加的紀錄; 巴基斯坦,印度的海岸, 可能緬甸; 泰國，印尼, 菲律賓到台灣; 也阿拉弗拉海 (參考文獻 9819) ，澳洲北部，巴布亞新幾內亞，索羅門群島與新海布里群島。
Wongratana, T., T.A. Munroe and M. Nizinski, 1999. Order Clupeiformes. Engraulidae. Anchovies. p. 1698-1753. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9822)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 诱饵: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.9 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 3124 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00483 - 0.01247), b=3.09 (2.96 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.48 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (11 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 204 [124, 477] mg/100g; Iron = 1.55 [0.84, 2.70] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.449 [0.226, 0.957] g/100g; Selenium = 27.8 [13.5, 59.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24.7 [6.9, 69.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.99 [1.37, 2.86] mg/100g (wet weight);
