Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 20 - 50 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 30°N - 12°S
Western Pacific: southern Honshu, Japan to the Great Barrier Reef and New Caledonia. Reported from the Similan Islands in the Andaman Sea and Guam. Recently recorded from Tonga (Ref. 53797).
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 48637)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 5; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 27 - 30; Duri dubur: 2; Sirip dubur lunak: 26 - 30. Lacks a horn, has numerous black close-set spots on the upper half of its body and tail, and is white ventrally. Body elongate, its depth 3.3 to 3.7 times in SL (Ref 9808).
Inhabits coastal to outer reef slopes subject to strong currents. Sometimes in large schools (Ref. 48637). Generally uncommon species found in steep outer reef drop-offs (Ref. 9710). Usually found in waters deeper than 6 m. Feeds on zooplanktons (Ref. 90102). Solitary or in groups (Ref. 37816).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva
Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Akuarium: Komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.4 - 28.5, mean 27.6 °C (based on 73 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.00906 - 0.04395), b=3.00 (2.82 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 32.3 [20.0, 58.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.564 [0.286, 0.969] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.7, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.127 [0.079, 0.236] g/100g; Selenium = 34.6 [18.2, 62.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 91.3 [32.2, 256.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.14 [0.79, 1.60] mg/100g (wet weight);
