分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 22°N - 19°N
Oceania: Hawaii. Reported from USA (Ref. 3881).
大洋洲: 夏威夷。 記錄來自美國了。 (參考文獻 3881)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 33.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 44091)
Generally brown to black in color; pelvic fins separate rather than fused into a disc; young fish <2.5 cm long are distinctively jet black on the upper body and lighter on the sides and belly (Ref. 44091).
通常褐色到黑色的; 腹鰭分開而不願融合成一個體盤; 幼魚 <2.5 公分長特殊地在身體上半部上是墨黑色與顏色淡的側邊上與腹面.(參考文獻 44091)
Found in both altered and unaltered streams, but being unable to climb waterfalls restricts its habitat to the lower reaches of streams and estuaries; can be observed darting into the mud and leaf litter, or sheltering among rocks and cobble, rarely showing in the open; highly predaceous on various invertebrates, e.g. slow-moving thiarid snails and asiatic clams, and fishes; traditionally caught with a baited hook attached to a short stick (fishing method called kiomo'omo); relished as a food item, particularly when wrapped with leaves and roasted; now prized as bait by near-shore papio fisherman (Ref. 44091).
發現於改變與未被改變的溪流, 但是不能攀登瀑布限制對溪流與河口的下面範圍的它的棲息地; 能被觀察進入泥與腐葉之內衝出, 或在岩石與圓石之中隱匿, 很少地在露天下顯示; 高度食肉在各種不同的無脊椎動物, 例如緩慢移動的 thiarid 蝸牛與 asiatic 蛤 , 與魚上; 傳統地捕獲了一個有誘餌的魚鉤依附於一根短的樹枝了;(釣魚方法被稱為 kiomo'omo) 品嚐作為一個食物, 特別地當以樹葉包裝而且烤了; 現在珍視如近岸 papio 漁夫的誘餌。 (參考文獻 44091)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
大洋洲: 夏威夷。 記錄來自美國了。 (參考文獻 3881)
Tinker, S.W., 1978. Fishes of Hawaii, a handbook of the marine fishes of Hawaii and the Central Pacific Ocean. Hawaiian Service Inc., Honolulu. 568 p. (Ref. 583)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 誘餌: usually
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00535 - 0.02352), b=3.19 (3.00 - 3.38), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
