Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino batipelagico; distribuzione batimetrica 0 - 4938 m (Ref. 58302), usually 300 - 900 m (Ref. 28981). Deep-water; 61°N - 68°S
Atlantic, Indian and Pacific: in deep water of tropical to temperate zones. Southern Ocean: between the Antarctic Polar Front and the Antarctic continental shelf of the Indian Ocean sector, near the Balleny Islands, and the Scotia Sea. Eastern Pacific: California Current region (Ref. 35800). South China Sea (Ref.74511).
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 4.6 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 28981); 5.8 cm SL (female)
Short description
Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria
Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 12 - 15; Spine anali: 0; Raggi anali molli: 17 - 21; Vertebre: 29 - 34. Light to dark brown in color (Ref. 3991). Branchiostegal rays: 14.
Meso- to bathypelagic (Ref. 58302). Oceanic, precise depth range dependent upon developmental stage, latitude, season (Ref. 4769). No apparent vertical migration observed (Ref. 4463). Lipid content is 4.3 % in fresh body weight and wax ester is 53.5 % in total lipids (Ref. 9193). Oviparous, with planktonic eggs and larvae (Ref. 35800). Minimum depth from Ref. 58018.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve
Gon, O., 1990. Gonostomatidae. p. 116-122. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. 462 p. (Ref. 5162)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: di nessun interesse
Strumenti
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 4 - 13.5, mean 7.9 °C (based on 2064 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00331 (0.00157 - 0.00697), b=2.89 (2.71 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.28 se; based on food items.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (Assuming Fec<2000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).